Calculate thermal capacity (kW) and equivalent evaporation F&A 100°C based on actual operating parameters.
1. Thermal Capacity (kW) = Flow (kg/h) × (Steam Enthalpy - Water Enthalpy) / 3600
2. F&A 100°C (From & At 100°C) = A standard for comparing boiler capacities, converted to the condition of feedwater at 100°C evaporating into steam at 100°C at atmospheric pressure. (Latent heat = 2257 kJ/kg).
Customers often buy boilers with a "2 Ton/hour" (2000 kg/h) spec. However, a boiler generating 2 tons of steam at 10 Bar from 30°C feedwater requires a much larger furnace design than one generating 2 tons of steam at 5 Bar from 90°C feedwater.
Therefore, in the international boiler manufacturing industry, the term F&A 100°C is used as a common standard to compare the true capacity of different boilers, independent of the actual pressure and feedwater temperature conditions of the plant.
| Steam Flow (kg/h) | Thermal Power (kW) | Equivalent (HP) | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500 | 350 kW | 35 HP | Laundry, garment |
| 1000 | 700 kW | 70 HP | Small food, drying |
| 2000 | 1400 kW | 140 HP | Medium factory |
| 5000 | 3500 kW | 350 HP | Heavy industry, paper |
When purchasing or designing a boiler, in addition to steam flow, you must pay special attention to:
It depends on the pressure and feedwater temperature, but on average, 1 Ton of steam/hr (1000 kg/h) requires about 650 kW to 700 kW of thermal capacity.
F&A 100°C (From and At 100°C) is an international standard. It represents the amount of water at 100°C that can be evaporated into steam at 100°C (at atmospheric pressure) using the same thermal power output of the boiler.
The most effective way is to install an Economizer to recover waste heat from the flue gas and preheat the feedwater, thereby reducing the load on the furnace and increasing steam output.
According to the US Boiler Horsepower (BHP) standard, 1 Boiler HP is equivalent to approximately 15.6 kg of steam/hr (F&A 100°C) or 9.81 kW.
